The Torah does express respect for the Jew who spurns his freedom and chooses to remain an eved. His conscription to another Jew is an act of self-degradation. His decision to continue in servitude involves a ceremony in which his ear is bored with an awl. The Torah says he is to remain a servant “forever.” In this context, the word “forever” means until Yovel, the jubilee/fiftieth year. This is the end of a cycle, a time at which properties that changed hands during this cycle revert back to their original owners. At this time, all Jewish servants are freed….
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One who steals an ox or sheep and sells or slaughters it must pay five times the value of the ox and four times the value of the sheep. Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai states one reason for setting the fine for a sheep to be less than that of an ox. He attributes the reduction to the thief’s humiliation when he carries the sheep on his shoulders as he escaped. The embarrassment incurred by a thief evokes Hashem’s compassion, thereby reducing his fine. This is a remarkable lesson demonstrating the Torah’s concern for the feelings of all people–even a common…
The Torah is critical of the eved Ivri, Jewish slave, who chooses to stay on after the usual six years of servitude. When one is granted freedom he should take advantage of the opportunity. A Jew submits to only one master – Hashem. According to the Torah, when an eved Ivri chooses to extend his period of slavery, his master bores his ear with an awl – near a doorpost. In the Talmud Kiddushin 22b, Chazal explain why a doorpost and an ear symbolize the servant’s disdain for freedom. The doorway represents freedom, since it was the doorposts upon which…
The Torah presents to us a sin and its punishment. The sin is apparent: Persecuting the downtrodden, those who have no one else to care for them. The punishment, however, is a bit ambiguous. What really is the punishment for persecuting a widow, orphan or anyone who cannot take care of themselves? The underlying message of this pasuk seems to be that – regardless of the amount of time that elapses — the individual is guaranteed punishment. Hashem clearly states that He will listen and He will repay. That warning should serve as more than a sufficient deterrent for most…
Klal Yisrael responded to Hashem with a remarkable display of faith. They were prepared to “do,” to act in accordance with Hashem’s command, without seeking to understand the reason for the command. They trusted in the Almighty with total surrender. There is one simple question, however, that we should address. Why did they respond with the plural, “We will do, and we will listen.” Should not each one of them have said, “I will do and I will listen?” Why did Klal Yisrael use the plural form? The Chidushei Ha’Rim responds to this question with an analogy. Let us picture…
The Yalkut Shimoni cites a Midrash from which we can derive a valuable lesson. The story is recounted that Rabbi Chiya bar Abba was crying when he heard that Rabbi Yochanan had sold all his possessions in order to be able to study Torah. He was concerned that nothing had been put aside for Rabbi Yochanan’s old age, when he would have no source of, or ability to earn, an income. Rabbi Yochanan assuaged Rabbi Chiya by saying that it was well worth it, since he had exchanged earthly possessions — which were created in six days — for Torah…
What does it mean to place laws “before them”? Rashi explains that the Torah demands that its teachers transmit the law in its completeness, explain it lucidly, and clarify its underlying principles. This is required so that people can easily understand the laws and apply them properly. Literally, one is to place the laws “before them,” as a table is set ready for a meal. In an alternative explanation, Rashi comments that the phrase “before them” refers to Jewish judges. We are admonished to take our litigation only to a bais din, Jewish court, comprised of G-d fearing, halachically erudite…
The Ramban notes that the punishment for one who curses his parents is more severe than the punishment for one who strikes and wounds them. The one who curses is put to death by stoning while the one who wounds is executed by choking. The Ramban attributes this discrepancy to the relative frequency of the transgression. The fool curses whenever he gets upset. He berates his Creator, his parents and everyone who, in his small mind, is responsible for his life situation. In order to discourage these wanton acts of disparagement, the Torah has assessed a severe punishment for this…
The gedolim of previous generations would emphasize that one can learn avodas Hashem, the manner in which to serve the Almighty, from any individual — even a sinner. The Pardes Yosef cites three scholars who derived lessons in avodas Hashem from none other than the ganov, thief. He mentions Rav Bunim, z.l., of Peshischa. Rav Bunim felt that three valuable lessons can be gleaned from the behavior of the thief. First, the thief is not lazy. Neither rain nor sleet, cold nor heat, prevent the thief from accomplishing his life’s work. Indeed, the resourceful thief takes advantage of the inclement…
The term “torn of beasts” originally was applied only to the meat torn by the beasts in the field. It is now applied to any meat which is not ritually fit for Jewish consumption. The Kol Yehudah offers a homiletic rendering of this pasuk, which is unfortunately appropriate in contemporary times. Some individuals would “never” ignore the kashrus laws while they are within their community, i.e. home, family or in public where they are well known. This is the result either of a sense of shame or the accessibility of kosher food. When they are out “in the field,” however,…