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ואני הנני מביא את המבול מים על הארץ לשחת כל בשר

And as for Me – Behold, I am about to bring the Flood-waters upon the earth to destroy all flesh. (6:17)

The Flood was the greatest destruction of all time in the sense that it destroyed almost the entire world. It came as a Heavenly punishment to a generation of human beings that had gone totally awry. Evil was rampant; immorality was a way of life; idol worship was their mode of religious belief. Hashem gave them 120 years to repent, while Noach, his righteous emissary, labored strenuously building an Ark to save those who would repent. Then He gave them a seven-day reprieve to observe the seven-day shivah, mourning period, for Mesushelach. Perhaps the passing of this righteous person would…

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נח איש צדיק תמים היה בדרתיו

Noach was a righteous man, perfect in his generations. (6:9)

Was Noach a tzadik – or not?  Rashi quotes a dispute in which yeish dorshin l’shevach, some interpret the phrase b’dorosav, in his generations, in a praiseworthy manner.  Noach was righteous even in his corrupt generation.  Certainly, had he lived in the generation of Avraham Avinu, he would have earned even greater accolades.  Others, however, are critical of Noach, ascribing to him the title of tzadik only in comparison to the morally depraved generation in which he lived.  Had Noach lived in a generation whose members were morally upright, he would not have been that noticeable.  It all depends from…

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כי מלאה הארץ חמס

For the earth is filled with robbery. (6:13)

Rashi quotes the Talmud Sanhedrin 108A, which teaches that the sentence meted out to the dor ha’Mabul, generation of the Flood, was sealed on account of chamas, robbery.  The people committed many reprehensible sins. Promiscuity was a leading sin, but it was robbery that sealed their verdict.  Clearly, thievery of any sort is repugnant behavior, but should it have been the one behavior that sealed their verdict?  The Tiferes Shlomo offers a novel insight into the matter.  He begins by questioning why Hashem took umbrage over the fact that the wicked people were stealing from other wicked people.  Was it…

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ויאמר אלקים לנח קץ כל בשר בא לפני כי מלאה הארץ חמס מפניהם

G-d said to Noach, “The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with robbery through them.” (6:13)

Chazal focus on the word mipneihem, “through them,” written in lashon rabim, plural, implying that Hashem was weary with the actions of the gazlan, thief, and the nigzal, victim.  This is enigmatic.  While it is understandable that the actions of the thieves were at the point of disgust, what blame can be placed on the hapless victims?  Is it my fault that someone decided to rob me?  Apparently, the Torah has a dim view of the victim.  Perhaps he is not as blameless as we would be led to believe. Horav Arye Leib Bakst, zl, explains that we are all…

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וירד ד' לראות את העיר ...אשר בנו בני האדם

Hashem descended to look at the city…which the sons of Man built. (11:5)

Rashi questions the use of the words, bnei Adam, “sons of man.”  Who else would they be?  Were they the sons of donkeys?  He explains that the Torah refers to their lineage ascending to Adam HaRishon, primordial man, who exhibited ingratitude when Hashem asked him why he had eaten the forbidden fruit.  Adam replied, “The woman whom You gave to be with me – she gave me of the tree and I ate”(Bereishis 3:11).  As he was a kafui tov, ingrate, likewise, his descendants rebelled against the One Who had spared them from the effects of the Flood.  In other…

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ושם אשת נחור מלכה בת הרן אבי מלכה ואבי יסכה

And the name of Nachor’s wife was Milkah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milkah and the father of Yiskah. (11:28)

Rashi teaches that Yiskah was actually Sarah Imeinu, the Matriarch.  She was called Yiskah, which is a name derived from the word, sachoh, meaning to gaze, to see.  Sarah was able to gaze into the future, because she was endowed with Divine Inspiration.  Also, everyone gazed at her extraordinary beauty.  Rashi’s second explanation, which focuses on the physical beauty of Sarah Imeinu, seems out of place.  The Matriarch was a spiritual person, her life’s purpose was to serve the Almighty in every possible way.  Why should her extraordinary beauty play a role in identifying her by name?  If Sarah would…

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“Noach was a righteous man, perfect in his generations.” (6:9)

Chazal offer a number of interpretations for the phrase “in his generations.” Some commentators interpret this as praise for Noach, who was able to transcend the evil even of his generation. Indeed, had he lived in a generation in which righteousness was the way of life, he would have been even greater. Others contend that he could stand out only in his own generation, in which evil was the standard. Horav Shlomo Margolis, Shlita, feels that “b’dorosov,” “in his generations,” reflects the limited effect of Noach’s righteousness – it lasted only during his generations. He was not able to inspire…

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“And Cham being the father of Canaan.” (9:18)

It would have been sufficient to say, “And Cham was the father of Canaan.” Why does the Torah emphasize “hu” – “he,” as if there were something unique to be derived from the fact that Cham was Canaan’s father. Horav Sholom Schwadron, z.l., attributes Canaan’s inappropriate behavior to the way he was raised by Cham, his father. Indeed, the apple did not fall far from the tree. Cham – he – is the father of Canaan. He is responsible for the way Canaan acted. The son inherited his father’s genes, his base nature, his contemptible character, his repulsive behavior. Cham…

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“Noach, the man of the earth, debased himself and planted a vineyard. He drank of the wine and became drunk.” (9:20-21)

In the Midrash, Chazal comment regarding the word “vayochel,” which is related to “chullin” – “Nischalel v’naaseh chullin,” “he desecrated  himself  and  became  unholy.”  Why?  Because he planted a vineyard. He should have planted something else. We infer from Chazal that the actual planting of the vineyard was in itself a deficiency in Noach’s spiritual stature. His drunken stupor was the result of this deficiency, an offshoot of his previous error – planting the vineyard. We must endeavor to understand the severity of this “sin.” Wine can be–and is–used also for a more lofty purpose. Chazal say: “Ein simcha b’lo…

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“And Shem lived five hundred years after begetting Arpachshad, and he begot sons and daughters.” (11:11)

Interestingly, in recounting the ten generations from Adam until Noach, the Torah writes the word, “va’yamos”, “and he died,” after each person that is mentioned. Upon mentioning the ten generations from Noach until Avraham however, the Torah uses the word, “ve’yechi,” and he lived,” referring to how long the individual lived. Why does the Torah make this distinction between the generations? Horav Yaakov Moshe Charlap, z.l., cites the Mishnah in Pirkei Avos 5:2, wherein it is stated: “There were ten generations from Adam to Noach which informs (us) how great is His (Hashem’s) patience, for all these generations continued to…

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