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וחמושים עלו בני ישראל מארץ מצרים

Bnei Yisrael were armed when they went up from Egypt. (13:18)

Rashi defines chamushim as armed. Taking a journey through the wilderness is not like a walk in the park. One can encounter pernicious challenges at almost every step of the way. Additionally, the pagan nations inhabiting Eretz Yisrael would certainly not take kindly to the idea of being displaced by the Jewish People. The fact that G-d promised the Land to the Jews had very little bearing on the pagan mindset. On the other hand, the Jews were not a warrior nation. For the past 210 years, their primary vocation had been slavery. Thus, the people took along weapons as…

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ויאמר ד' אל משה מה תצעק אלי דבר אל בני ישראל ויסעו

Hashem said to Moshe, “Why do you cry out to Me? Speak to Bnei Yisrael and let them journey forth.” (14:15)

Hashem told Moshe Rabbeinu that there was a time to pray and a time to move on to take action. Apparently, this was not the time for prayer. The Divrei Chaim renders this pasuk homiletically, lending us an insight into the demands of leadership, and the need for a strong leader to determine the appropriate response to a given situation and how best to rally the people behind him. Moshe Rabbeinu was well known for his unusual humility. Anav mikol adam; “he was the most humble person on the earth.” Indeed, the word mah, “what” (as in V’nachnu mah, “And…

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נטית ימינך תבלעמו ארץ

You stretched out Your right hand – the earth swallowed them. (15:12)

Rashi explains this pasuk as sort of a reward for the Egyptians, because they had acknowledged Hashem’s justice, when (ibid 9:27) they proclaimed, Hashem HaTzaddik, “Hashem is righteous.” He showed His infinite mercy by allowing them to be buried following their ordeal. This is the meaning of, tivlaeimo aretz, “The earth swallowed them up.” A powerful lesson may be derived from here. Regardless of who a person is, his previous negative actions notwithstanding, when he acts appropriately, when he performs a positive act that either serves as a vehicle for glorifying Hashem or assisting a (fellow) Jew – he will…

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וכל בכור אדם בבניך תפדה

And you shall redeem every human first born among your sons. (13:13)

The mitzvah of Pidyon HaBen is a rite of passage mitzvah in which the firstborn son is redeemed for five silver coins. This is an important mitzvah, in that the child/b’chor/firstborn is like a Kohen, since the priesthood was once the domain of the firstborn. They lost it, and it was transferred over to Shevet/Tribe of Levi, of which the Kohanim became the replacement b’chorim. Thus, every firstborn harbors a degree of sanctity which must be redeemed, since he cannot use it. In the following incident, we see exactly how important the mitzvah of Pidyon HaBen really is. Rav Meir…

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מה תצעק אלי ד' ילחם לכם ואתם תחרשון

Hashem will fight for you. And you shall be silent. Hashem said to Moshe, “Why do you cry out to Me?” (14:14,15)

Moshe Rabbeinu told the people that crying was not the correct response to the present situation. Hashem asked Moshe, “Why do you cry out to Me?” Apparently, this was a situation which did not call for prayer (cry out to me). It was a time for action, for an affirmation of one’s devotion to Hashem. In other words, when one is up against the Red Sea, with the Egyptian army bringing up the flank, one jumps into the water. Horav Shalom Arush, Shlita, explains that, on a deeper level, Hashem is actually teaching Moshe and Bnei Yisrael: “You do not…

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אז ישיר משה ובני ישראל את השירה הזאת לד'

Then Moshe and Bnei Yisrael sang this song to Hashem. (15:1)

The verb yashir, he sang [will sing] is written in the future tense, although it is clearly a reference to an event which had already taken place. Rashi explains that the future tense is related to a past occurrence, the time that Moshe Rabbeinu first considered singing. In an alternative exposition, he quotes Chazal, who interpret yashir as referring to an event which will yet take place in the future. This pasuk is a remez, allusion, that the axiom, Techiyas HaMeisim min haTorah, the Resurrection of the Dead, is referenced in the Torah. Indeed, Moshe and all Yisrael sang then,…

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מלחמה לד' בעמלק מדר דר

A war against Amalek from generation to generation. (17:16)

Hashem will continue the war against Amalek from generation to generation – literally, forever, until the memory of that evil nation will be expunged. The Melitzer Rebbe, Shlita, of Ashdod derives from here the profound difference between the Jewish People and the offspring of Amalek. Dor l’dor yeshabach maasecha, “Generation to generation will praise Your deeds” (Tehillim 145:4). The very essence of the Jewish People is dependent upon their mesorah, tradition transmitted throughout the generations, from father to son. Dor l’dor, generation to generation. The lamed connects the first dor, generation, to the next. There is a filial bond that…

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ויהי בשלח פרעה את העם

It happened when Pharaoh sent the nation. (13:17)

In the Talmud Megillah 10b, Chazal state that the word vayehi, “and it was”, implies sadness. The Midrash says that Vayehi is a combination of two words: Vay – woe; and v’hi, as in nehi, which means mourning. These two words describe anything but joy. This brings us to ask: What about the Exodus engendered sadness? This was Klal Yisrael’s finest moment; surely nothing about it would provoke sadness. Furthermore, the phrase beshalach Pharaoh, “when Pharaoh sent (the people),” raises a question: When did Pharaoh send out the people? He had nothing to do with it! It was Hashem throughout…

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וחמשים עלו בני ישראל מארץ מצרים...ויקח משה את עצמות יוסף עמו

Bnei Yisrael were armed when they went up from Egypt… And Moshe took the bones of Yosef with him. (13:18, 19)

Rashi explains chamushim to mean “armed.” In an alternative exposition, Rashi quotes the Midrash which posits that chamushim is derived from chomesh,“a fifth.”  This implies that actually only one fifth of the Jewish People left Egypt.  Apparently, the bulk of the nation was prepared to adopt the Egyptian lifestyle.   They did not want to be slaves, but they were not yet prepared to leave the country.  They died during the three-day plague of darkness.  In his Shemen Hatov, Horav Zev Weinberger, Shlita, quotes Horav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik, zl, of Yerushalayim, who offered an insightful explanation of chamushim, armed.  Of what…

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ויאמר ד' אל משה מה תצעק אלי דבר אל בני ישראל ויסעו

And Hashem said to Moshe, “Why do you call out to Me? Speak to Bnei Yisrael, and they shall travel.” (14:15)

Two specific aspects of the human experience–matrimony and earning a livelihood — are compared to the splitting of the Red Sea.  Kasheh zivugan shel adam k’krias Yam Suf, “It is as difficult to bring a man and his bride together as the splitting of the Red Sea.”  Kasheh mezonosav shel adam k’krias Yam Suf, “A person’s livelihood is as difficult (to provide) as the splitting of the Red Sea.”  The word kasheh, difficult, is a term which creates a dilemma.  Is there anything “difficult” for Hashem?  He can do as He pleases.  Nothing holds Him back.  How can any act…

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