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“And the water was a wall for them, on their right and on their left.” (14:29)

The Midrash, cited by the Daas Zekeinim, comments that when Bnei Yisrael approached the Red Sea, menacing waters confronted them. There seemed to be no hope.  The Angel Gavriel came forth and declared, “Let the waters in front of Bnei Yisrael move aside in deference to the nation who perform the Bris Milah. The waters which are to the right of Bnei Yisrael should likewise defer to the nation that accepted the Torah from Hashem’s ‘right Hand.’ The waters to the left should submit to the nation that puts tefillin on the left arm, and the waters behind them should…

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“You shall tell your son on that day saying, ‘It is because of this that Hashem did for me when I went out of Egypt.'” (13:8)

The Talmud in Pesachim 116b states, “In every generation it is one’s duty to regard himself as though he personally had gone out of Egypt. As it is written in Shemos 13:8, ‘You shall tell your son on that day, saying, It is because of this that Hashem did for “me” when I went out of Egypt.’”  In the Haggadah, Chazal expound upon these words, emphasizing the idea of a personal liberation. A question immediately comes to mind upon reading this pasuk. How can one feel that he went out of Egypt, if he was not actually there?  Can we…

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“And there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt.” (10:22)

Chazal state that only one fifth of the Jews enslaved in Egypt actually went out during the Exodus. The other four fifths perished during the three days of darkness which engulfed Egypt.  It is perplexing that such a large number of people would actually desire to stay in Egypt. They were beaten incessantly; their basic freedoms were totally restricted; their daily ritual consisted of pain, affliction and persecution. Yet, they chose to stay in Egypt rather than leave with Moshe! Did this represent a rational choice? Why were these enslaved Jews not inspired by the wonderful miracles which Hashem wrought…

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“Stretch out your hand toward Heaven, and there shall be darkness over the land of Egypt.” (10:21)

Hashem commanded Moshe to stretch out his hand towards the heavens in order to create a thick darkness over the land of Egypt. This plague lasted for three days, during which time people were unable to move about and were unable to see anything. Rashi cites Chazal who explain that in addition to punishing the Egyptian people, this plague also served a practical purpose. There were reshaim, wicked Jews, who refused to leave Egypt. These evil Jews perished during the three days of makas choshech, so that the Egyptian populace would not see Jews dying and say, “They are also…

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“We will go on a three day journey in the wilderness, and bring offerings to Hashem, our G-d.” (8:23)

Why did Hashem tell Moshe to ask Pharaoh for a three-day “pass” to serve Hashem in the desert? Did any obstacle preclude Hashem’s “ability” to have Pharaoh permit Bnei Yisrael to leave indefinitely?  Moshe should have simply told Pharaoh, “Our time of servitude is up; we are prepared to leave this country forever.” Regardless of the demand, Pharaoh dissented. Only when he was “encouraged” by the effects of the plagues did he relent and “allow” us to leave Egypt. Another question that confronts us is Pharaoh’s obstinate refusal to permit Bnei Yisrael from taking this short three day retreat.  The…

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“Say unto Aharon, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the land, it shall become lice.'” (8:12)

Similar to the two previous plagues of blood and frogs, it is Aharon who brought about the plague of lice. Aharon had this responsibility because Moshe was not permitted to strike the water or the dust. The water had protected him when he was an infant, and the dust concealed the Egyptian who Moshe had killed.  It would have shown ingratitude for Moshe to strike either the water or the ground. Imagine, Moshe and Aharon were involved in the most sublime endeavor of their lives — taking Klal Yisrael out of Egypt. The overriding concern, however, was not to “offend”…

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“And you shall say to him… ‘Send out My people that they may serve Me in the wilderness,” (7:16)

Moshe gave Pharaoh no options; he gave Pharaoh no room for discussion or compromise in meeting his demand. The Jews must leave Egypt — unequivocally! There must be a complete liberation. Why? Would it not have been sufficient to halt the labor and insist that the Jews be reinstated as common citizens? The Otzar Chaim offers a simple, but profound, response.  He recounts a comment made by the Chasam Sofer, z.l., during the emancipation in Austria. The prejudicial laws were lifted, enabling Jews to hold positions of importance and granting them access to society in general. Everyone was excited about…

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“I appeared to Avraham, to Yitzchak and to Yaakov as K’el Shaddai, but with My Name Hashem I did not make Myself known to them.” (6:3)

The various Names of Hashem each represents a different way in which He reveals Himself. Moshe was privy to the revelation of “Hashem,” the highest manifestation of revelation. Yet, he questioned His ways. The Avos, Patriarchs, maintained the ultimate level of emunah. Even though Hashem revealed Himself to them only with His other Name, K’el Shaddai, they never questioned His ways, regardless of their perplexity. Rashi cites Chazal in the Talmud, Sanhedrin 111a, who “quote” Hashem saying, “Woe to those that are gone and not found. Many times I revealed Myself to the Patriarchs using (only) the Name of K’el…

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“And take this staff in your hand with which you shall perform the signs.” (4:17)

Up until this point Hashem had not yet instructed Moshe to perform any specific act with the signs He had shown him.  At this juncture, Hashem told Moshe to take the staff with him and then use it to perform the various “signs”, indicating that he was Hashem’s messenger. Horav S.R. Hirsch, z.l., explains the significance of these signs and the manner in which they communicated to Pharaoh his own inadequacy, and his need to rely upon Hashem. Man acknowledges that he may not have the power to control his destiny. He does, however, believe he has the capacity to…

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“And Moshe thought, I will turn aside now and look at this great sight.” (3:3)

The Midrash lauds Moshe’s actions, as he “exerted” himself to see the wondrous sight. R’ Yochanon says that Moshe took three steps out of his way, while Reish Lakish says that he turned his head to gaze at the remarkable burning bush. We can glean a deeper understanding of Moshe’s action as stated by the Midrash. After all, Moshe did not seem to perform any type of exceptional deed that would warrant Hashem’s revelation as a reward. Horav Eliyahu Dessler, z.l., cites the Alter M’Kelm who posits that it was indeed Moshe’s “simple” action that made him worthy of such…

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