Regardless of his poverty, it was inappropriate for a Jew to sell himself to a non-Jew. The Torah nonetheless places the task of redeeming him upon his family. Indeed, in the Talmud Kiddushin 21a, Chazal state that there is a specific order for assuming this responsibility. A closer blood relation takes precedence and is obligated to see to it that his “brother” is redeemed. Thus, the brother precedes the uncle, who in turn, precedes the cousin. It is only after the close relatives are deemed either unable or unsuccessful that the responsibility falls upon the shoulders of the distant relatives….
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In the Midrash, Chazal cite the pasuk in Tehillim 41:2, regarding this pasuk, ks kt khfan hrat “‘s uvyknh vgr ouhcw “Happy/Praised is he who is considerate of the poor, Hashem will deliver him on the day of evil.” What is the meaning of “maskil el dal,” “being considerate of the poor”? The word “maskil” is derived from “sechel,” thus, “maskil” is translated as “one who deals sensibly with the poor.” It implies one who is cognizant of the real needs of the poor, addressing them in the most appropriate manner. We must confront the fact that poverty is endemic…
The halacha of Yovel is a basic tenet of our faith. It teaches us that everything must ultimately revert to its original source — Hashem. Indeed, the Ibn Ezra and the Ramban suggest that the word “Yovel” implies “movement” or “bringing”. The imperative to observe Yovel is mentioned in regard to four situations: freeing of servants; prohibition of planting or reaping; the actual holiness of the jubilee year and the command of “from the field you may eat its crop;” and the repossession of the lands which had been sold. The purpose of Yovel as stated in the Torah is…
Kiddush Hashem, the sanctification of Hashem’s Name, is the predominant mitzvah of Judaism. We are here for the purpose of sanctifying Hashem’s Name in the world in any manner that we are able to. Most people associate the concept of kiddush Hashem with giving up one’s life as a Jew. Indeed, martyrdom is our heritage and has become a central motif of our religion. The Piazesner Rebbe, z.l., explains that the Akeidas Yitzchak was not simply a test for Yitzchak Avinu; it was the precursor of kiddush Hashem for all Klal Yisrael. The trial of thought and will in which…
Horav E.M. Shach, Shlita, asserts that there are two distinct demands made by Hashem. First, there is our obligation to personally carry out the mitzvos. Secondly, we are ordained to “guard” the mitzvos by seeing to it that all Jews perform them. It is not sufficient for a Jew to personally observe mitzvos; he is obliged to be mindful that others also perform mitzvos. This, claims Horav Shach, is the meaning of the pasuk “,cav ,t ktrah hbc urnau,” “and Bnei Yisrael should observe/guard the Shabbos.” One must see to it that “Shabbos” is observed by all Jews. It is…
Chazal derive from the fact that the Kohen Gadol may not leave the Mikdash that he is to perform the avodah, service, even while he is an onan, mourner prior to the burial of a close relative. This is in contrast to the Kohen Hedyot, who may not perform the avodah as an onan. The simple reason given for this is that while one is at the heightened state of grief, the mind is not in control. The despondency that envelops a person at such a time disqualifies the Kohen Hedyot from performing the service, since he no longer has…
The Torah’s text in its admonition to the kohanim is unusual. At the outset it says “speak to the kohanim, the sons of Aharon,” rather than the usual, “the sons of Aharon, the kohanim.” The redundancy of the word rnt, speak/say, as in ,rntu / rnt, is also noted by Chazal. Horav S.R. Hirsch, z.l., concludes that in this pasuk we deal with two sentences of separate idealogical content. The Torah first instructs Moshe to speak to the kohanim as “Bnei Aharon,” emphasizing their exalted pedigree. They should take special note of their inherent holiness by virtue of their lineage,…
Rashi explains that the word iez, elder, refers to an elder in wisdom, a Torah scholar. He cites the Talmud in Kiddushin 32b that applies the notrikon technique of the word iez as implying vnfj vbea vz “this one has acquired wisdom.” This is consistent with the pasuk in Mishlei 3:35, “Honor is the inheritance of the scholar.” The Maharal explains that honor applies specifically to one who has amassed a profound knowledge of the Torah. The physical world is inherently iniquitous and shameful, for it engenders debauchery and immorality. Thus, honor relates to that which…
In expounding on this pasuk, Rashi cites the famous dictum of Chazal in Pirkei Avos, “Judge all men in a favorable, meritorious light.” This axiom is more than good advice, it should be the accepted manner in which a Jew interacts with his fellow man. The Sfas Emes interprets the words “kol adam,” not as “everyman,” but as the “whole man.” If one wishes to find some merit in a person, he should judge him as a whole. He should not focus only upon his faults. Rather, he should look at the whole individual, and he will surely find some…
Horav S.R. Hirsch, z.l., asserts that respect for parents and Shabbos observance are two critical factors in preparing one for a life of kedushah, holiness. Parents, as the progenitors of the next generation, serve as the repository of Jewish history and the transmittors of this tradition. In this capacity, they herald Hashem’s wishes and are His representatives here on earth. We are adjured here to fear and revere our parents. To accept parental authority, to revere them obediently, is a critical step in the discipline and temperance one needs in order to attain holiness. Horav Hirsch takes note of the…