There are many explanations regarding the episode of Yaakov’s battle with the “man.” Indeed, the divergence between the literal and symbolic meanings of the episode is reflected in the many interpretations applied to this passage. Many commentators view the narrative as a parable for the righteous individual’s inner struggle against the forces of evil. Yaakov stands alone in the vastness, in the deep silence of the night, a mortal being in confrontation with the Divine messenger. This mysterious encounter represents the numerous struggles which surface on the eve of an approaching ordeal. The Sh’lah Hakadosh views this struggle in the…
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Targum Onkelos interprets the angels’ words in the following manner: “For you fought before G-d with man and have succeeded.” Consequently, the name “Yisrael” refers to one who fights “before’ Hashem. Horav Eliyahu Munk, z.l., notes that there is no indication that this name refers specifically to the battle with men. Our strength lies not in our physical struggle with human beings. Judaism’s eternal struggle is within society. Its goal is the establishment of the kingdom of Hashem on earth. In this struggle, however, the Jew does not gather physical weapons of violence. On the contrary, his symbolic armament is…
As a consequence of Yaakov and Eisav’s confrontation, Hashem made a revelation to Yaakov. A reminder of this encounter is interwoven into the daily life of Am Yisrael. Just as Yaakov and Eisav opposed each other, so, too, in contemporary life they face one another. They each represent a distinct way of life, originating from two different sets of goals. Yaakov is characterized as a hard-working and loving family man, blessed with children. Opposite him stands Eisav, a man of “accomplishment” and substance, of power and glamour. For twenty years Yaakov struggled to raise a family, to educate children, to…
As Yaakov prayed to Hashem to save him from his evil brother Eisav, he invoked the merit of his saintly ancestors, the Patriarchs. Are they not, however, Esov’s ancestors? How can he entreat Hashem to listen to his prayers in lieu of Eisav’s? We may derive from this pasuk that only one who follows in the footsteps of his ancestors may invoke their merit. Yaakov followed the path which was paved by his forefathers; he maintained their ideals. We may add that it is not sufficient to merely emulate the actions of the Patriarchs externally, but it is even more…
The blessing which Eisav’s angel bestowed upon Yaakov inadvertently hurt his descendants until this very day. When an individual member of another sect or nation commits any form of transgression, he alone is held accountable. Communal responsibility is not imposed upon the entire nation for the offense of an individual. This rule, however, unfortunately does not apply to Bnei Yisrael. When a Jew – a “Yaakov”- sins, it is not viewed as a singular transgression of one person; the entire community of “Yisrael” is held responsible. Your name will no longer be called “Yaakov” – but “Yisrael” from now you…
This narrative raises many questions. First, why was Yaakov alone, without his wives and children who had already crossed the river? Chazal respond that he had forgotten small jars and returned to retrieve them. Secondly, who was this “man” that wrestled with Yaakov? Chazal respond that this was Eisav’s “guardian angel”. We may also question the significance of the damage inflicted upon the thigh muscle. As a remembrance of this physical damage, we are forbidden to eat the sinew of an animal’s thigh muscle. We may suggest that the Torah is illustrating the effect of Am Yisrael’s exile upon…
Yaakov’s struggle with Eisav’s angel is memorialized in halacha by the prohibition against the consumption of the muscle injured in this struggle. The commentaries state a number of reasons as rationales for this mitzvah. These serve to guide Jewish survival during our exile. Horav Shimshon Raphael Hirsch Z”l notes the symbolic value of this injury. He points out that Yaakov’s physical injury represents for Eisav the real power that makes Yaakov invincible. Indeed, Yaakov’s descendants realize that their existence is not dependent upon the presence or absence of the thigh muscle. If Yaakov falters, it is not due to a…
“Oxen, this refers to Yosef; donkeys, this refers to Yisacher (Midrash Rabba). Yaakov sent a message to Eisav informing him of his vast wealth, in order to impress him, so that he may thereby gain favor in his eyes. This Midrash comments that Yaakov’s reference to his ox and donkey is a metaphor for Yosef and Yisacher. This seems puzzling! Yaakov’s intention is to impress Eisav with his strength and power. Why then does he set forth the two sons who represent the spiritual dimension of the twelve tribes? Yosef who is famous for being the great tzadik and Yisacher…
Chazal state that this “man” was really the angel of Eisav posing as a “man.” On the surface, the story is quite straightforward; the angel waits until Yaakov is alone and then attacks him. However, there are greater ramifications in this struggle between Yaakov and Eisav’s angel. The Talmud relates the word “ecthu” (and he wrestled) to the word “ect” (dust). Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi said, “This teaches that the dust of their feet rose up to Hashem’s throne.” We see from this that their struggle had enormous implications that went beyond the physical aspect. This was a struggle…
Rashi comments: “And was she not the daughter of Yaakov? However because of her going forth she was called the daughter of Leah, since Leah was also one who went out, as it is stated “and Leah went out to greet him.” Rashi mentions the Midrash which relates Dinah’s “going out” to that she was Leah’s daughter. When Leah went out to greet Yaakov there was a tinge of immodesty in this “going out”, which reflected itself in her daughter’s “going out.” There is a lesson to be derived from this Midrash. We see that the actions of parents,…
