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I have not eaten from it in my intense mourning. (26:14)

In the days of antiquity,  pagan cults commonly  based their religion upon death.  They filled  the caves of their departed relatives with stores of food and  personal objects to accompany them on their journey through death.  Jewish law vehemently forbids these rituals, refraining from providing any materials or provisions to the departed.  We fashion our coffins from  simple wood; we clothe the corpse  in plain white shrouds.  To paraphrase Horav Eli Munk,zl, “Judaism’s primary focus is upon life, that it be positive and productive.”  In no way, however, are we lax in our care for the dead.  We accord respect…

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Gaze down from Your holy abode, from the heavens, and bless Your people Yisrael. (26:15)

After the individual who brings Bikurim, first fruits, recites the Vidui, confession, he asks Hashem to bless him.  Rashi explains this entreaty to mean, “We have done what You decreed upon us;  now You do what behooves You.”  This seems like an insolent way to address Hashem.    Have we ever had a circumstance in which  Hashem has not fulfilled His promise?  Another question that seems to bother the commentators concerns  the Maaser,  when the person implies that he has done  everything that Hashem has demanded of him.  If he has done everything possible, why is he saying Viddui?  We…

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You shall inscribe on the stones all the words of this Torah. (27:8)

“All the words of this Torah,” according to Rabbenu Saadya Gaon, is a reference to the Taryag, 613 mitzvos.  In the Talmud Sotah 32b, Chazal contend that actually the entire Torah was written on these stones.  Furthermore, they were written in seventy languages, availing everyone the opportunity to study Torah.  Thus,  the Ramban  remarks  that the stones were either extremely  large,  or a miracle enabled the stones to contain the entire text. According to one opinion,  these words were inscribed upon  a layer of plaster that could not defend against the elements for as long as would have been possble…

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These shall stand to bless the people on Har Gerizim…and these shall stand for curse. (27:12,13)

Interestingly, this parsha is filled with promises of blessing  for good behavior and punishment and curse for disobedience. Nowhere, however,  do we find the entreaty, “Please, Hashem, do not punish us for the wrong behavior we have committed. Overlook our sins.”  Horav Moshe Swift, zl, emphasizes that the concept of reward and punishment is an integral  part of Jewish doctrine.  When you do something wrong, you pay for your sin.  When you do a good deed, you are rewarded.  Every action, every activity, every word, is all taken into account recorded and compensated. Furthermore, if we note the text, Hashem…

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These shall stand to bless the people on Har Gerizim…and these shall stand for curse. (27:12,13)

The tribes were divided. Some stood  by Har Gerizim to issue the blessings, while the remainder stood by Har Eival to issue the curses.  Ibn Ezra notes that  the bnei ha’geviros, sons of “main” wives, Rachel and Leah, stood for the blessings, while the bnei ha’shefachos, tribes that descended from the maidservants, Bilhah and Zilpah, stood for the curses.  In order to “even” the sides, Reuven and Zevulun, were to stand on Har Eival. What is unusual  about this division of tribes is the fact that Yissachar and Zevulun were separated from one another.  Moreover, Zevulun was on the side…

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But Hashem did not give you a heart to know, or eyes to see, or ears to hear, until this day. (29:3)

Moshe began his final charge to Klal Yisrael  by putting the experiences of their forty years in the wilderness into perspective.  The commentators offer  a number of explanations for “hayom hazeh,”  “this day” to which Moshe is referring.  Simply, in the  forty years of miraculous survival, Klal Yisrael were exposed to the highest degree of spiritual revelation;  they were nurtured and taught by the greatest teachers.  Klal Yisrael could now fully appreciate the overwhelming debt of gratitude they owed to Hashem.  They were finally ready to really serve Him.  He could now expect more from them. Rashi suggests  another analysis. …

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And you shall take of the first of every fruit of the ground….and you shall put it in a basket…and you shall come to the Kohen. (26:2,3)

The Torah begins the parsha with the details of the Bikkurim offering.  The Jew brought the first of his fruits to the Kohen, symbolically stating that he dedicated all that he had to the service of Hashem.  In the Mishnah Bikkurim 3:6, Chazal describe the pomp and joy that accompanied this offering.  “The wealthy would bring their fruits in baskets made of gold; the poor in baskets made of cane.”  The Kohen took not only the fruits, but also the baskets.  The Yerushalmi explains that the basket served an interesting function.  In the event the fruits became tamei, ritually unclean,…

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Then you shall call out and say….”An Arami tried to destroy my forefather…He descended to Egypt and sojourned there. (26:5,6)

The text of the pasuk implies that there is an integral relationship between the fact that Lavan attempted to destroy Yaakov and Yaakov’s subsequent descent to Egypt.  This does not seem to be consistent with the historical perspective as suggested in the Torah and commentaries.  Lavan the Arami was one tzarah, tormentor of Yaakov, and Pharaoh was another of Klal Yisrael’s persecutors.  The two do not seem however, to have any relationship. The Netziv offers a striking explanation.  Originally Klal Yisrael were to have remained in Aram with Lavan and his descendants for the duration of their four hundred year…

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These shall stand to bless the people on Har Gerizim…And these shall stand for the curse on Har Eival…and Zevulun… (27:12,13)

Prior to entering Eretz Yisrael, the Jews were to assemble at two mountains.  Hashem would enumerate twelve specific commandments, and Klal Yisrael would acknowledge the blessings to be provided for those who upheld these mitzvos, and the curses to befall those who spurned them.  Six shevatim, tribes, stood on Har Gerizim, the mountain selected for blessing, while six other tribes stood on Har Eival to acknowledge the curses.  The commentators explain why these twelve subjects were selected as the vehicles for the public affirmation of blessing and curse.  The consensus of opinon is that these are unique commandments that the…

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“It will be when you enter the land… and you shall take of the first fruit of the ground.” (26:1,2)

The parsha begins with the laws of Bikkurim. It is juxtaposed upon the previous parsha of Amalek, in which we are enjoined to blot out forever the name of our archenemy, Amalek. Is there a relationship between these two parshios? Can we glean a message from the juxtaposition? Horav Avraham Weinberg, zl, who distinguished himself as a student of the Avnei Nezer, posits that there is a serious connection between the two. In fact, Amalek battled to destroy the basic doctrine of Bikkurim. What is the message of Bikkurim? In order to answer this basic question, Horav Weinberg addresses the…

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